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NEW IPFM REPORT: Reducing and Eliminating Nuclear Weapons: Country Perspectives on the Challenges to Nuclear Disarmament
download (PDF, 2 MB)
Wed - Feb 17th, 2010
NEW IPFM RESEARCH REPORT: Unsuccessful "Fast Breeder" is no solution for long-term reactor waste disposal issues.
See press release (PDF, 131 KB)
Thu - Oct 29th, 2009
JUST RELEASED: Global Fissile Material Report 2009: A Path to Nuclear Disarmament
download (PDF, 9,2 MB)
Wed - Sep 9th, 2009
September 2009 draft of the IPFM Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty (including an article-by-article discussion)
download full text (PDF, 182 KB)
Thu - May 28th, 2009
IPFM Research Report #7: Consolidating Fissile Materials in Russia's Nuclear Complex, by Pavel Podvig
download (PDF, 709 KB)
Thu - Feb 19th, 2009
IPFM Research Report #6: The Safeguards at Reprocessing Plants under a Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty, by Shirley Johnson
download (PDF, 542 KB)
Fri - Feb 13th, 2009
IPFM Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty
download full text (PDF, 256 KB)
Fri - Feb 13th, 2009
IPFM Releases Draft International Treaty to Ban Production of Fissile Materials For Use in Nuclear Weapons: Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty
read more
Sat - Oct 11th, 2008
Global Fissile Material Report 2008, Scope and Verification of a Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty
download (PDF, 7,6 MB)
Wed - Oct 1st, 2008
Available for download: the IPFM briefing on Global Fissile Material Report 2008:
Scope and Verification of a Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty, 52nd IAEA General Conference, Vienna, Austria
read more
Tue - Jul 8th, 2008
IPFM Research Report #5: The Legacy of Reprocessing in the United Kingdom, by Martin Forwood
download (PDF, 940 KB)
Thu - May 8th, 2008
IPFM Research Report #4: Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in France, by Mycle Schneider and Yves Marignac
download (PDF, 2,7 MB)
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Available for download: the IPFM briefing on A Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty and Its Verification, United Nations Office at Geneva, Palais des Nations, 2008 NPT Preparatory Committee Meeting
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New Report: Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in France
posted by Mycle Schneider and Yves Marignac on May 21st, 2008 [16:53h]
under: plutonium, reprocessing, mox, france
last edited on May 21st, 2008 [17:02h]
under: plutonium, reprocessing, mox, france
last edited on May 21st, 2008 [17:02h]
IPFM has just released a new research report, "Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in France," by Mycle Schneider and Yves Marignac. The full report is available here -- For a hard copy, send mailing address to ipfm@fissilematerials.org
FROM THE REPORT:
France started to reprocess spent nuclear fuel in 1958, originally to produce plutonium for weapons and later also to fuel a projected but never realized large-scale deployment of fast breeder reactors. This report looks at the reprocessing experience at France’s Marcoule and La Hague sites and assesses the record in terms of waste management, radioactive discharges, radiological and health impacts, and cost, and addresses briefly issues of safety and security.
France now has large stocks of both spent fuel (over 12,000 tons) and of separated plutonium (over 50 tons). Analysis suggests there is no clear advantage for the reprocessing option as a form of waste management, either in terms of radioactive waste volumes or repository area.
La Hague is currently the largest man-made source of radioactivity releases. The radiological impact corresponds to collective doses following a significant nuclear accident, comparable to the 1957 waste explosion in Kyshtym in Russia or the Windscale (UK) fire. Continuing discharges at this level for the expected remaining years of its operation could cause 3000 additional cancer deaths or more over the long term.
Reprocessing in France also raises safety and security concerns. For instance, an average of about two truck shipments per week of separated plutonium from La Hague travel about 1,000 km to enable production of plutonium-bearing power-reactor fuel (MOX).
The economic costs of reprocessing are high. In 2000, a report for the French Prime Minister found that choosing reprocessing instead of direct disposal of spent nuclear fuel would result in a 5.5 percent increase in average electricity generation cost or an 85 percent increase of total spent fuel and waste management costs. Industry data suggests the costs of a future reprocessing plant would need to be at most half that for La Hague in order for reprocessing to cost no more than direct disposal of spent fuel.
Until recently, foreign reprocessing contracts have offset some of La Hague’s high costs. Until around 2004, close to half of the spent-fuel processed was foreign-owned. Almost all of the foreign spent fuel under contract has been reprocessed, and only minor new contracts have been signed. The economic burden of reprocessing is increasingly weighing on the French electricity sector and may prove unsustainable if left to market forces. Earlier this year, after several years of negotiations, the state electricity utility EDF and the state nuclear fuel company AREVA NC failed to reach a long-term agreement over the utility's plutonium separation and use.
FROM THE REPORT:
France started to reprocess spent nuclear fuel in 1958, originally to produce plutonium for weapons and later also to fuel a projected but never realized large-scale deployment of fast breeder reactors. This report looks at the reprocessing experience at France’s Marcoule and La Hague sites and assesses the record in terms of waste management, radioactive discharges, radiological and health impacts, and cost, and addresses briefly issues of safety and security.
France now has large stocks of both spent fuel (over 12,000 tons) and of separated plutonium (over 50 tons). Analysis suggests there is no clear advantage for the reprocessing option as a form of waste management, either in terms of radioactive waste volumes or repository area.
La Hague is currently the largest man-made source of radioactivity releases. The radiological impact corresponds to collective doses following a significant nuclear accident, comparable to the 1957 waste explosion in Kyshtym in Russia or the Windscale (UK) fire. Continuing discharges at this level for the expected remaining years of its operation could cause 3000 additional cancer deaths or more over the long term.
Reprocessing in France also raises safety and security concerns. For instance, an average of about two truck shipments per week of separated plutonium from La Hague travel about 1,000 km to enable production of plutonium-bearing power-reactor fuel (MOX).
The economic costs of reprocessing are high. In 2000, a report for the French Prime Minister found that choosing reprocessing instead of direct disposal of spent nuclear fuel would result in a 5.5 percent increase in average electricity generation cost or an 85 percent increase of total spent fuel and waste management costs. Industry data suggests the costs of a future reprocessing plant would need to be at most half that for La Hague in order for reprocessing to cost no more than direct disposal of spent fuel.
Until recently, foreign reprocessing contracts have offset some of La Hague’s high costs. Until around 2004, close to half of the spent-fuel processed was foreign-owned. Almost all of the foreign spent fuel under contract has been reprocessed, and only minor new contracts have been signed. The economic burden of reprocessing is increasingly weighing on the French electricity sector and may prove unsustainable if left to market forces. Earlier this year, after several years of negotiations, the state electricity utility EDF and the state nuclear fuel company AREVA NC failed to reach a long-term agreement over the utility's plutonium separation and use.
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