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Thu - May 8th, 2008
IPFM Research Report #4: Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in France, by Mycle Schneider and Yves Marignac
download (PDF, 2,7 MB)
Mon - May 5th, 2008
Available for download: the IPFM briefing on A Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty and Its Verification, United Nations Office at Geneva, Palais des Nations, 2008 NPT Preparatory Committee Meeting
read more
Tue - Oct 9th, 2007
The Global Fissile Material Report 2007, available for download below.
download (PDF, 9,2 MB)
Tue - Oct 9th, 2007
IPFM BLOG: Tracking highly enriched uranium and plutonium, the key ingredients in nuclear weapons, and fostering global efforts to secure and eliminate these materials.
read more
Wed - Jan 17th, 2007
IPFM Research Report #3: Managing Spent Fuel in the United States: The Illogic of Reprocessing
download (PDF, 713 KB)
IPFM Research Report #4: Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in France, by Mycle Schneider and Yves Marignac
download (PDF, 2,7 MB)
Mon - May 5th, 2008
Available for download: the IPFM briefing on A Fissile Material (Cutoff) Treaty and Its Verification, United Nations Office at Geneva, Palais des Nations, 2008 NPT Preparatory Committee Meeting
read more
Tue - Oct 9th, 2007
The Global Fissile Material Report 2007, available for download below.
download (PDF, 9,2 MB)
Tue - Oct 9th, 2007
IPFM BLOG: Tracking highly enriched uranium and plutonium, the key ingredients in nuclear weapons, and fostering global efforts to secure and eliminate these materials.
read more
Wed - Jan 17th, 2007
IPFM Research Report #3: Managing Spent Fuel in the United States: The Illogic of Reprocessing
download (PDF, 713 KB)
IPFM VISUAL DATABASE
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| Roll mouse over a country Afghanistan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Albania - Never had significant amounts of HEU Algeria - Never had significant amounts of HEU Angola - Never had significant amounts of HEU Argentina - 1 to 10 kg Armenia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Australia - 100 to 1000 kg Austria - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Azerbaijan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Azerbaijan (Naxcivan) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Bangladesh - Never had significant amounts of HEU Belarus - 100 to 1000 kg Belgium - 100 to 1000 kg Belize - Never had significant amounts of HEU Benin - Never had significant amounts of HEU Bhutan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Bolivia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Bosnia and Herzegovina - Never had significant amounts of HEU Botswana - Never had significant amounts of HEU Brazil - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Brunei - Never had significant amounts of HEU Bulgaria - 1 to 10 kg Burkina Faso - Never had significant amounts of HEU Burma (Myanmar) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Burundi - Never had significant amounts of HEU Cambodia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Cameroon - Never had significant amounts of HEU Canada - 1000 to 10000 kg Central African Republic - Never had significant amounts of HEU Chad - Never had significant amounts of HEU Chile - 1 to 10 kg China - 1000 to 10000 kg Colombia - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Congo (Democratic Republic) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Congo (Republic) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Costa Rica - Never had significant amounts of HEU Croatia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Cuba - Never had significant amounts of HEU Cyprus - Never had significant amounts of HEU Czech Republic - 10 to 100 kg Denmark - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Denmark (Greenland) - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Djibouti - Never had significant amounts of HEU Dominican Republic - Never had significant amounts of HEU Ecuador - Never had significant amounts of HEU Egypt - Never had significant amounts of HEU El Salvador - Never had significant amounts of HEU Equatorial Guinea - Never had significant amounts of HEU Eritrea - Never had significant amounts of HEU Estonia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Ethiopia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Finland - Never had significant amounts of HEU France - 1000 to 10000 kg France (Corse) - 1000 to 10000 kg France (French Guinea) - 1000 to 10000 kg Gabon - Never had significant amounts of HEU Gambia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Georgia - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Germany - 1000 to 10000 kg Ghana - 1 to 10 kg Greece - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Guatemala - Never had significant amounts of HEU Guinea - Never had significant amounts of HEU Guinea-Bissau - Never had significant amounts of HEU Guyana - Never had significant amounts of HEU Haiti - Never had significant amounts of HEU Honduras - Never had significant amounts of HEU Hungary - 100 to 1000 kg Iceland - Never had significant amounts of HEU India - 1 to 10 kg Indonesia - 1 to 10 kg Iran - 1 to 10 kg Iraq - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Ireland - Never had significant amounts of HEU Israel - 10 to 100 kg Italy - 100 to 1000 kg Ivory Coast - Never had significant amounts of HEU Jamaica - 1 to 10 kg Japan - 1000 to 10000 kg Jordan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Kazakhstan - 100 to 1000 kg Kenya - Never had significant amounts of HEU Kuwait - Never had significant amounts of HEU Kyrgyzstan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Laos - Never had significant amounts of HEU Latvia - 10 to 100 kg Lebanon - Never had significant amounts of HEU Lesotho - Never had significant amounts of HEU Liberia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Libya - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Lithuania - Never had significant amounts of HEU Luxembourg - Never had significant amounts of HEU Macedonia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Madagascar - Never had significant amounts of HEU Malawi - Never had significant amounts of HEU Malaysia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Malaysia (East) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Mali - Never had significant amounts of HEU Mauritania - Never had significant amounts of HEU Mexico - 10 to 100 kg Moldovia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Mongolia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Morocco - Never had significant amounts of HEU Morocco (Western Sahara) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Mozambique - Never had significant amounts of HEU Namibia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Nepal - Never had significant amounts of HEU Netherlands - 100 to 1000 kg New Zealand - Never had significant amounts of HEU Nicaragua - Never had significant amounts of HEU Niger - Never had significant amounts of HEU Nigeria - 1 to 10 kg North Korea (DPRK) - 10 to 100 kg Norway - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Norway (Svalbard) - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Oman - Never had significant amounts of HEU Pakistan - 10 to 100 kg Panama - Never had significant amounts of HEU Papua New Guinea - Never had significant amounts of HEU Paraguay - Never had significant amounts of HEU Peru - Never had significant amounts of HEU Philippines - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Poland - 100 to 1000 kg Portugal - 1 to 10 kg Qatar - Never had significant amounts of HEU Romania - 10 to 100 kg Russia - More than 10000 kg Russia (Kaliningrad) - More than 10000 kg Russia (Novaya Zemlya) - More than 10000 kg Rwanda - Never had significant amounts of HEU Saudi Arabia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Senegal - Never had significant amounts of HEU Serbia and Montenegro - 10 to 100 kg Sierra Leone - Never had significant amounts of HEU Slovakia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Slovenia - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Somalia - Never had significant amounts of HEU South Africa - 100 to 1000 kg South Korea - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Spain - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Sri Lanka - Never had significant amounts of HEU Sudan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Suriname - Never had significant amounts of HEU Swaziland - Never had significant amounts of HEU Sweden - 1 to 10 kg Switzerland - 1 to 10 kg Syria - 1 to 10 kg Taiwan (China) - Never had significant amounts of HEU Tajikistan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Tanzania - Never had significant amounts of HEU Thailand - Less than 1 kg (has been cleared) Togo - Never had significant amounts of HEU Tunisia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Turkey - 1 to 10 kg Turkmenistan - Never had significant amounts of HEU Uganda - Never had significant amounts of HEU Ukraine - 100 to 1000 kg United Arab Emirates - Never had significant amounts of HEU United Kingdom - 1000 to 10000 kg Uruguay - Never had significant amounts of HEU USA - More than 10000 kg USA (Alaska) - More than 10000 kg USA (Hawaii) - More than 10000 kg USA (Puerto Rico) - More than 10000 kg Uzbekistan - 100 to 1000 kg Venezuela - Never had significant amounts of HEU Vietnam - 10 to 100 kg Yemen - Never had significant amounts of HEU Zambia - Never had significant amounts of HEU Zimbabwe - Never had significant amounts of HEU |
The Global Distribution of Civilian Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) During the 1950s and 1960s, as part of their competing Atoms for Peace programs, the United States and the Soviet Union built hundreds of research reactors domestically and for export to more than 40 other countries. In response to demands for longer-lived fuel and maximum reactor performance, export restrictions on fissile materials were relaxed and most of these reactors shifted to fuel containing weapon-grade HEU. As a result, HEU is still used today as a research-reactor fuel in about 140 civilian reactors worldwide. In addition, HEU often remains at sites of shut down, but not yet decommissioned reactors. Taken together, the global inventory of civilian HEU reactor fuel is very roughly 50 metric tons, widely distributed around the globe. According to a U.S. Government study, in 2004 there were around the world at least 128 sites associated with research reactors with at least 20 kilograms of HEU. Since 1978, an international effort has been directed at converting HEU-fueled reactors to low-enriched fuel in the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) program. Almost all new reactors designed since that time use LEU fuel. By the end of 2005, the RERTR program had converted or partially converted 42 research reactors. The world's remaining research reactors consume about 1,000 kilograms of HEU per year -- virtually all supplied by the United States and Russia. RERTR program analysts believe that 41 more reactors can be converted using existing LEU fuels. A new fuel is now under development, which -- if successfully qualified -- would enable conversion of virtually all remaining HEU-fueled reactors worldwide. The main technical obstacle for a global HEU cleanout would be removed. |